Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy paraffinic
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Product Description
Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy paraffinic is a highly refined petroleum fraction characterized by its high boiling point and viscous nature. It is derived from crude oil through a severe hydrotreating process, which removes impurities and saturates hydrocarbons, resulting in a product rich in paraffinic compounds (mostly C20-C50). This material is valued for its stability and purity, making it suitable for a wide range of applications, including lubricants, pesticide carriers, and industrial chemical intermediates. It is also used in cosmetics and food-contact applications due to its low aromatic content and high degree of refinement.
Synthesis and Production
Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy paraffinic (CAS Number: 64742-54-7, EC Number: 265-157-1) are synthesized through a series of refining processes:
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Crude Oil Distillation: The initial step involves vacuum distillation of crude oil to isolate the heavy distillate fraction, which is rich in paraffinic hydrocarbons.
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Hydrotreating: This fraction is then subjected to severe hydrotreating, a process involving high-pressure hydrogen and a catalyst (typically Ni–Mo or Co–Mo) at temperatures around 300–400°C. This step removes sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and aromatic compounds, resulting in a highly saturated oil with low impurities.
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Dewaxing: Additional hydrodewaxing (catalytic isomerization or solvent dewaxing) is applied to improve the oil's cold-flow properties by removing wax.
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Hydrofinishing: The final step involves further hydrotreatment to maximize oxidation stability, yielding a Group II base oil with ≤0.03% sulfur, ≥90% saturates, and high viscosity index.
Uses and Applications
Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy paraffinic are versatile and used across various industries:
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Lubricants: Serves as a base oil in engine oils, industrial lubricants, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, compressor oils, and cutting fluids. Its high stability and low volatility make it suitable for heavy-duty applications.
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Process Oils: Used as rubber extender oils, textile oils, and defoamers.
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Personal Care and Pharmaceuticals: Widely used in cosmetics and skin-care products for its emollient and moisturizing properties. It is also used as a non-toxic diluent in pharmaceutical formulations and as a food-contact agent.
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Agriculture: Employed as insecticide/adjuvant spray oils (dormant oils) on crops due to its spreadability and low toxicity to plants.
Properties and Characteristics
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Physical Form: Clear, odorless to faint hydrocarbon liquid, often referred to as “white mineral oil” or “liquid paraffin.”
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Viscosity: Kinematic viscosity ranges from 15–150 cSt at 40°C (ISO VG 32–680).
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Flash Point: Typically >200°C, making it non-flammable under normal conditions.
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Pour Point: –15 to –30°C.
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Density: 0.83–0.86 g/cm³ at 15°C.
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Sulfur Content: <10 ppm (ultra-low).
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Aromatic Content: <3% (mostly alkylbenzenes).
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PAH Content: <3% (DMSO extract).
Safety and Handling
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Health Hazards: Low toxicity when inhaled, swallowed, or in contact with skin. No irritation of skin or eyes observed in laboratory animals. However, repeated dermal exposure may cause slight skin irritation, dryness, or cracking. Inhalation of oil vapors or mists may cause respiratory irritation.
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Exposure Limits: Occupational exposure limit (OEL) for oil mists is 5 mg/m³ (ACGIH).
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Aspiration Hazard: Classified as an aspiration hazard (GHS Category 1, H304: “May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.”)
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Storage and Transportation: Store at temperatures not exceeding 50°C. Use appropriate personal protective equipment and follow safety procedures to prevent static discharges during loading and unloading.
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Environmental Impact: Poorly soluble in water, floats on water, and is practically non-toxic to aquatic life. Biodegrades very slowly and can persist in sediments.
Regulatory and Safety Status
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EU REACH: Registered; not classified as CMR.
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CLP (EU): No hazard pictograms due to low toxicity.
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IARC: Group 3 (not classified as carcinogenic).
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OSHA (US): Oil mist PEL 5 mg/m³.
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Skin Irritation: Non-irritating (Draize <0.5).
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Biodegradation: Poor (inherent, not ready).