Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) CAS No. 9003-39-8

Uses and Applications

Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare:

• Tablet binder and excipient.

• Povidone-Iodine (PVP-I): Broad-spectrum antiseptic for skin disinfection and wound cleaning.

• Drug delivery: Acts as a carrier for controlled release of drugs.

• Cryoprotectant in freeze-drying (lyophilization).

Cosmetics & Personal Care:

• Hairsprays and gels: Provides hold and stiffness.

• Shampoos and conditioners: Thickening agent and feel improver.

• Toothpaste: Binder and stabilizer.

• Makeup: Improves adhesion, water resistance, and texture.

Food & Beverage:

• Clarifying agent: Stabilizes and clarifies beer and wine.

• Food additive: Used as a stabilizer, thickener, or dietary fiber supplement.

Technical & Industrial Applications:

• Adhesives: Component in glue sticks and water-soluble adhesives.

• Printing & Inks: Binder and protective coating in inkjet paper and printing inks.

• Textiles: Sizing agent and dye-leveling agent.

• Detergents: Acts as a dye transfer inhibitor.

• Electronics: Binder in electrode slurry for lithium-ion batteries.

• Photography: Historically used in photographic film emulsions.

Properties and Characteristics

Physical and Mechanical Properties:

• Water-soluble polymer with excellent film-forming capabilities.

• Highly brittle in pure form, requiring blending for flexibility and tensile strength.

• Increases viscosity and surface tension while decreasing conductivity in precursor solutions.

• Improves wettability, reduces bead formation, and increases porosity and fiber diameter in nanofibers.

• Nonlinear elastic behavior modeled using the Ramberg-Osgood equation for stress-strain relationships in microneedles.

• Hyperelastic properties suitable for large deformations.

Chemical and Thermal Properties:

• Compatible with various electrode materials; acts as a nitrogen source and structure-directing agent.

• Nitrogen-enriched forms (e.g., N-Ni MOF) enhance conductivity and specific capacitance.

• Glass transition temperature (Tg) influences blending with other polymers.

• Strong electron-attracting nitrogen atoms change electrical characteristics and optimize ion diffusion distance.

• High solubility in water; low solubility in PCL blends affects controlled drug release.

Rheological and Interfacial Properties:

• Increases melt flow index (MFI) in blends.

• Forms stable interfacial layers with enhanced mechanical stability and ionic conductivity in battery binders.

• Physical adsorption on carbon-based nanomaterials governed by thermodynamic forces and intermolecular interactions.

Electrochemical Properties:

• Improves ionic conductivity and adhesion in electrodes.

• Enhances specific capacitance and energy density in supercapacitors.

• Influences electrode-electrolyte interface and solid electrolyte interphase stability in batteries.

Other Characteristics:

• Biocompatible and customizable pore structure.

• Versatile in blending with other polymers.

• Isotropic behavior under large deformations, suitable for rubber-like materials.

Safety and Handling

General Safety:

• GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) by the FDA for pharmaceutical use.

• Non-toxic and physiologically inert.

• Biocompatible for various applications.

Handling:

• Handle as a powder or solution with standard lab precautions (e.g., avoid inhalation).

• High processing temperatures (e.g., 200°C in HME) require thermal protection.

Environmental Impact:

• Readily biodegradable in water under aerobic conditions.

• Water-soluble, reducing environmental risks in filtration applications.

• Sustainable recycling of waste plastics (e.g., ABS) into high-value products.

Other Information

Compatibility and Challenges:

• Highly compatible with PVA, PCL, ABS, PVDF, PAA, and Li-PAA for blends.

• High PVP content (e.g., 80-100%) causes processing issues like high viscosity and poor printability in DDM/FFF.

• Compatible with LiPF₆-EC-EMC electrolytes in batteries, but influences interfacial stability.

Modeling and Simulation:

• Behavior modeled using Ramberg-Osgood (for PVP nonlinearity), neo-Hookean (for skin interactions), and finite element analysis (FEA) for microneedle insertion.

• MD simulations reveal adsorption mechanisms in battery binders, including thermodynamic and intermolecular forces.

Sustainability Aspects:

• Enables recycling of waste plastics (e.g., ABS) into high-value products like membranes.

• Cost-effective alternative to traditional methods, reducing WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment) impact.

Performance Metrics:

• In supercapacitors, achieves 529 Fg⁻¹ specific capacitance in symmetric devices.

• In microneedles, optimizes penetration depth for drug efficacy.

• In membranes, bilayer ENMs provide high flux and rejection.

Product Documents

• Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
• Certificate of Analysis
• Product Brochure
• Technical Data Sheet