Nateglinide CAS No. 105816-04-4

Product Description

Nateglinide is an oral antidiabetic medication belonging to the meglitinide class, used primarily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a derivative of D-phenylalanine that stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells by binding to ATP-sensitive potassium channels. This mechanism helps in controlling postprandial (after-meal) blood glucose levels. Nateglinide has a rapid onset of action (within 20 minutes), peaks at about 1 hour, and has a duration of approximately 4 hours.

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Product Use & Characteristics

Properties of Nateglinide

• Chemical Name: N-[(trans-4-Isopropylcyclohexyl)carbonyl]-D-phenylalanine

• Chemical Formula: C₁₉H₂₇NO₃

• Molecular Weight: 317.42 g/mol

• Appearance: White or off-white crystalline powder

• Formulation: Commonly available as tablets in doses such as 60 mg and 120 mg

Characteristics of Nateglinide

• Mechanism of Action: Nateglinide is a fast-acting insulin secretagogue that binds to ATP-sensitive potassium channels on pancreatic beta cells, causing depolarization and rapid insulin release. It mimics the physiological insulin secretion pattern, acting as a "mealtime blood sugar regulator."

• Pharmacokinetics:

  • Absorption: Rapid and extensive, with a bioavailability of about 72%.

  • Distribution: Highly bound to plasma proteins (>98%) and primarily distributed in blood and tissues.

  • Metabolism: Primarily hepatic via CYP2C9 (70%) and CYP3A4 (30%) enzymes.

  • Excretion: Mainly through urine (about 85% as metabolites), with a half-life of approximately 1.5 hours.

• Action Characteristics: Rapid onset of action within 20 minutes, peaks at about 1 hour, and has a duration of approximately 4 hours.

Uses of Nateglinide

• Indications: Used to control postprandial (after-meal) blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Often combined with other antidiabetic agents such as metformin or non-secretagogue antidiabetics.

• Dosage: Typically administered as 60–120 mg before meals, three times a day. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 360 mg.

Side Effects of Nateglinide

• Common Side Effects: Hypoglycemia (especially if a meal is skipped), dizziness, upper respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., nausea, diarrhea), and joint pain.

• Less Common Side Effects: Severe allergic reactions (e.g., rash, itching, urticaria), liver enzyme elevations, abnormal liver function, headache, and dizziness.

Other Information

• Contraindications: Not recommended for patients with type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis.

• Special Populations: Use with caution in elderly patients and those with hepatic impairment. Pregnant and lactating women should use it only under a doctor's guidance. Not recommended for children under 18 years old.

• Drug Interactions: Caution is needed when used with CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers, as these can affect nateglinide's metabolism and increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Regular monitoring of blood sugar and liver function is recommended during treatment. If symptoms of hypoglycemia occur, sugary foods should be consumed immediately, and medical attention should be sought if severe.

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