Fluoxetine CAS No. 54910-89-3

Product Description

Fluoxetine (best known by the brand name Prozac) is the archetypal second-generation antidepressant: a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) whose chemical core is N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine, an aromatic ether with a trifluoromethylbenzene backbone. First approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1987 for the treatment of major depressive disorder, the drug is now widely used to treat panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and in combination with olanzapine for treatment-resistant depression or bipolar depression. By blocking the reuptake of presynaptic serotonin, fluoxetine increases levels of the neurotransmitter at the synapse and appears to restart “critical period” neuroplasticity through downstream BDNF-TrkB signaling and modulation of perineuronal networks. This pleiotropic action underlies emerging applications such as mitigation of noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus in experimental models. The drug is available in tablet, capsule, or liquid form, is effective in children over 8 years of age, and has a long half-life (1-4 days for the parent drug; 7-15 days for the active metabolite norfluoxetine) that allows for hair and urine forensic testing. Common adverse effects include insomnia, nausea, sexual dysfunction, and, rarely, serotonin syndrome or suicidal ideation in young people. Although generally safe at therapeutic doses, fatal intoxications have been reported when fluoxetine (sometimes administered intranasally) is combined with cocaine or alcohol, highlighting the need for rigorous clinical and forensic monitoring of fluoxetine.

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Product Use & Characteristics

1. Basic Identity

   • IUPAC Name: N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine

   • Molecular Formula: C₁₇H₁₈F₃NO

   • Molecular Weight: 309.33 g mol⁻¹

   • Chemical Class: Aromatic ether, secondary amine, (trifluoromethyl)benzene derivative

   • Brand Name: Prozac®

2. Uses / Therapeutic Indications

   • Major Depressive Disorder (≥8 yr)

   • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (≥7 yr)

   • Panic Disorder

   • Bulimia Nervosa

   • Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

   • Bipolar I Depression & Treatment-Resistant Depression (with olanzapine)

3. Mechanism of Action

   • Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) at presynaptic 5-HT transporter

   • Up-regulates BDNF-TrkB signalling and neurogenesis

   • Modulates perineuronal nets (PNNs) → critical-period plasticity

   • Gut-brain axis: increases Lactobacillus reuteri / murinus → vagus-mediated up-regulation of 5-HT₁A, 5-HT₂C and MC₄ receptors

4. Pharmacokinetics

   • Route: Oral (tablet, capsule, liquid)

   • Bioavailability: ≈90 %

   • Protein binding: ≈94.5 %

   • Half-life: 1–4 d (parent); 7–15 d (norfluoxetine)

   • Clearance: 0.66–1.45 L h⁻¹ kg⁻¹ (stereoselective via CYP2D6 / 2C9)

   • Placental transfer: low (UV/MV ≈ 0.3)

   • Excretion: 60 % renal, 15 % faecal

5. Adverse Effects

   • Common: headache, insomnia, nausea, diarrhoea, dry mouth, sexual dysfunction, anorexia

   • Serious: serotonin syndrome, suicidal ideation (adolescents), hyponatraemia, seizures, mania, allergic reactions

   • Reproductive (peripubertal males): ↓ testosterone, ↓ FSH, testicular atrophy, ↓ Sertoli & spermatogonial cells, vacuolisation, ↓ sperm count

6. Drug Interactions / Contraindications

   • MAOIs (serotonin syndrome risk)

   • CYP2D6 inhibitors (raise levels)

   • Warfarin (bleeding risk)

   • Caution in epilepsy, bipolar disorder, hepatic impairment, pregnancy

7. Environmental / Forensic Notes

   • Strong adsorption to microplastics (PP > PA ≈ PVC) → toxicity to Daphnia magna

   • Post-mortem fatalities reported with cocaine + fluoxetine (> 500 ng mL⁻¹)

   • Detection: GC-MS/MS in hair & urine after HFBA derivatisation

Why us!

Qingdao Sigma Chemical Co., Ltd., established in January 2017 and headquartered in Qingdao, China, is a reliable chemical supplier. Specializing in pharmaceuticals, biochemical intermediates, and research chemicals, the company offers a diverse product portfolio, including peptides (e.g., Tirzepatide, Semaglutide), nootropics, veterinary products, and APIs, often marketed with ≥99% purity and COA certification. We provides R&D, custom synthesis, and contract manufacturing services at various scales, while claiming a global export presence across 100+ countries. With international warehouses in the USA, Europe, Australia, and Canada, Qingdao Sigma Chemical also facilitates drop-shipping and reshipments, positioning itself as a key supplier for laboratory and research applications.