Epinephrine bitartrate

CAS Number 51-42-3
Molecular Formula C₁₃H₁₉NO₉
Molecular Weight 333.29 g/mol
Purity ≥99.1%
Appearance White or almost-white crystalline powder

Product Description

Epinephrine bitartrate is the pharmaceutically-stable tartrate salt of epinephrine (adrenaline), a synthetic catecholamine that appears as a white, water-soluble powder supplied at ≥ 97 % pharmaceutical-grade purity. After reconstitution it functions as a non-selective α- and β-adrenergic agonist, rapidly increasing heart rate and contractility, dilating bronchi, and constricting blood vessels. These actions make it the front-line emergency drug for anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, severe hypotension, and refractory asthma; it is also added to local anesthetics to slow their systemic absorption and prolong regional block. The powder is stable for two years when kept sealed, dry, and at room temperature, but because the drug can provoke tachycardia, tremor, and anxiety it must always be administered under professional supervision and in strict accordance with clinical protocols.

Other Information

  • Analytical Methods:

    Green Spectrophotometric Techniques: zero-order, dual-wavelength, bivariate, ratio-difference, constant-extraction; validated per ICH for simultaneous determination with articaine hydrochloride (4000:1 ratio) without separation.

Sigma Chemical Co., Ltd., established in January 2017 and headquartered in Qingdao, China, is a reliable chemical supplier. Specializing in pharmaceuticals, biochemical intermediates, and research chemicals, the company offers a diverse product portfolio, including peptides (e.g., Tirzepatide, Semaglutide), nootropics, veterinary products, and APIs, often marketed with ≥99% purity and COA certification. We provides R&D, custom synthesis, and contract manufacturing services at various scales, while claiming a global export presence across 100+ countries. With international warehouses in the USA, Europe, Australia, and Canada, Qingdao Sigma Chemical also facilitates drop-shipping and reshipments, positioning itself as a key supplier for laboratory and research applications.

Uses & Applications

  • Emergency: first-line for anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, severe hypotension.
  • Respiratory: rapid bronchodilation in acute asthma.
  • Anesthesia: vasoconstrictor additive to local anesthetics to prolong effect and reduce systemic absorption.

Properties & Characteristics

  1. Chemical Identity

    • Formula: C₁₃H₁₉NO₉

    • Molecular Weight: 333.29 g mol⁻¹

    • IUPAC Name: (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid; 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol

    • Description: Bitartarate salt of epinephrine (adrenaline), a synthetic catecholamine.

  2. Physical & Solubility Properties

    • Appearance: White or almost-white crystalline powder.

    • Solubility: Freely soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol.

    • pKa: ≈ 8.7 (epinephrine amine), ≈ 3.0 & 4.3 (tartaric acid carboxyls).

    • Stability: Light-sensitive, oxidation-prone; stabilized with antioxidants (e.g., sodium metabisulfite).

    • Storage: 2–8 °C (refrigerated), amber vials, airtight, protect from light; shelf-life 2 years.

  3. Mechanism of Action

    • Non-selective agonist at α₁, β₁, and β₂ adrenergic receptors.
      – α₁: vasoconstriction, ↓ aqueous-humor production.
      – β₁: ↑ heart rate & contractility.
      – β₂: bronchodilation, glycogenolysis.

Safety & Handling

  • Purity: Pharmaceutical grade ≥ 97–99 %.

  • Status: FDA-approved (e.g., EpiPen®), WHO Essential Medicine (anaphylaxis & cardiac arrest).

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